Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a popular object storage service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that allows you to store and retrieve data from the internet. In this article, we will explore how to deploy an S3 bucket in the AWS cloud using Terraform.

Prerequisites:

Before getting started, you will need the following:

• An AWS account

• Terraform installed on your local machine

• AWS CLI (Command Line Interface) installed on your local machine

Setting up the Terraform Script

First, let's create a new directory for our Terraform project and create a new file named main.tf. This file will contain our Terraform code to create the S3 bucket.

In the main.tf file, we start by defining the provider block for AWS:

provider "aws" {
  region = "us-west-2"
}

This block specifies the AWS region where we want to create the S3 bucket. In this example, we are using the us-west-2 region.

Next, we define the resource block for the S3 bucket:

resource "aws_s3_bucket" "my_bucket" {
  bucket = "my-teraf-test-bucket"

  tags = {
    Name        = "My bucket"
    Environment = "Dev"
  }
}

This block creates an S3 bucket with the name my-teraf-test-bucket. We also add some tags to the bucket to help with organization and management.

Next, we define a resource block to configure public access to the S3 bucket:

resource "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block" "my_bucket_access_block" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.my_bucket.id

  block_public_acls       = true
  block_public_policy     = true
  ignore_public_acls      = true
  restrict_public_buckets = true
}

This block configures the S3 bucket to block public access to the bucket and its contents.

Next, we define a resource block to create a policy that allows a specific IAM user to access the S3 bucket:

resource "aws_s3_bucket_policy" "my_bucket_policy" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.my_bucket.id

  policy = jsonencode({
    Version = "2012-10-17"
    Statement = [
      {
        Effect = "Allow"
        Principal = {
          AWS = "arn:aws:iam::131122418053:user/terra"
        }
        Action = "s3:GetObject"
        Resource = "${aws_s3_bucket.my_bucket.arn}/*"
      }
    ]
  })
}

This block creates an S3 bucket policy that grants the IAM user with the ARN arn:aws:iam::131122418053:user/terra permission to perform the s3:GetObject action on objects within the S3 bucket.

Finally, we define a resource block to enable versioning for the S3 bucket:

resource "aws_s3_bucket_versioning" "my_bucket_versioning" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.my_bucket.id

  versioning_configuration {
    status = "Enabled"
  }
}

This block enables versioning for the S3 bucket, which means that multiple versions of objects can be stored in the bucket.